What Are The Driving Forces Behind Globalisation Politics Essay

What Are The Driving Forces Behind Globalisation Politics Essay From the end of World War Two there has arisen a trend within international relations towards increasing regional cooperation and integration.After the collapse of the Berlin wall this process has rapidly accelerated. Today there are a myriad of Regional Integration Agreements (RIA) that span all continents, regions and conceivably all nations in a complex web of political, economic, social and cultural ties European integration is one of the longest standing and most deeply integrated examples; however Asia, Africa and the Americas have all seen the need for greater cooperation and integration within respective regions. Exactly who, why and how states integrate varies greatly. As time passes and confidence grows between partners there is a trend towards a deepening of interaction and cooperation/integration may very likely extend to areas outside those originally envisaged. It can be considered that regional integration/cooperation is globalisation at a regional level, or globalisation is regional integration/cooperation on a global scale. Has increased regional integration and cooperation led to globalisation, or has globalisation led to greater regional integration and cooperation? Regionalisation and Globalisation are difficult to separate. While conceptually it is easy to recognise that regionalisation applies at a regional level there is considerable overlap. You may view the world as a system of international anarchy dominated by the nation state and motivated by national self interest; or you may have a somewhat more optimistic view of international relations and see people striving to work together for mutual benefit under a global system of systems where communities are divided into many varying subsets determined by historical, cultural, geographical and ideological factors. Regardless of viewpoint the, fact that the world is becoming more int egrated is impossible to deny. Kofi Annans quote at the start of this paper is very apt in highlighting this. Arguing against regionalisation, whatever your view on the relationship between regionalisation and globalisation, is like arguing against the laws of gravity. The aim of this paper is to determine the driving forces behind processes of regional integration and cooperation. This will be achieved by first defining what regional integration and cooperation is. This will be followed by a discussion of how regions integrate and cooperate and for what reasons using examples from Europe, South East Asia and Africa. The paper will conclude with a discussion of the driving forces behind regional integration and cooperation. WHAT IS REGIONAL INTEGRATION? Confucius once said If names are not right, words are misused. When words are misused, affairs go wrong.  [4]  With a myriad of terminology such as regionalism, globalism, regionalisation, globalisation, regional integration, global integration and so on, it is easy to misuse words and become confused by them. The problem with globalisation is that by its very nature it is complex and all encompassing. Regionalisation, which I will define as globalisation at the regional level, is therefore complex and all encompassing at a regional level. Following this logic it is therefore apparent that regional integration as a concept differs from global integration only in the geographic boundaries you place around it. So as to simplify this problem and free us from misunderstanding we need to be very clear about what regional integration is, what regional cooperation is and how these relate to the wider global environment. So that confusion is not introduced the concepts of globalisation, regionalisation, globalism and regionalism need also to be placed firmly in context. Globalisation is a term that refers to the acceleration and intensification of mechanisms, and activities that are allegedly promoting global interdependence and perhaps, ultimately, global political and economic integration.  [5]  Regionalism is defined as intensifying political and/or economic processes of cooperation among states and other actors in particular geographic regions.  [6]  Therefore regionalisation is a term that refers to the acceleration and intensification of mechanisms, and activities that are allegedly promoting regional interdependence and perhaps, ultimately, regional political and economic integration. Globalism would then be intensifying political and/or economic processes of cooperation among states and other actors throughout the world. To reiterate, globalism and regionalism are political processes consciously undertaken by states whereas globalisation and regionalisation are labels for the overall affect of the external environment, at either a gl obal or regional level, that therefore affects the choices politicians make. For obvious reasons globalisation is a much more prevalent term than regionalisation and likewise regionalism is much more prevalent than globalism. You may enquiry as to why this is and why this point is being somewhat laboured. The point is that globalisation represents the unknown or the influences outside a nations direct control. It is human nature to inflate your fears and concerns and therefore labelling the current environmental effects as a globes worth of issues is more concerning that focussing on your local or regional issues. To confront these issues however it is human nature to focus on what is being done closer to home. Thus the environment (globalisation) has a wider focus than the solution (regionalism). Integration and cooperation are best conceived as labels for progress along a line of increasing interdependence. Individual nations may start with limited or no interaction, progress to a point where they are cooperating and then reach a point where they can be considered integrated. The exact differentiation between whether a nation is cooperating partially integrated or fully integrated is outside the scope of this paper. Needless to say the example of a more integrated region is that of Europe while I will use South East Asia as an example of region that is best described as closer to cooperation than integration. To reinforce this integration is best thought of as a process. The process of integration can be viewed as comprising of four elements. The first part of the process is a movement towards greater cooperation between integrating states; another element is the transference of authority to an authority above that of the state; homogenisation of values is, whether intended or not, an outcome of increased integration; and finally the emergence of a regional/global civil society can be argued to be both a cause of and result of integration.  [7]   So what becomes more integrated during a process of integration? Integration can occur in many areas of political concern. Economic, security and social/cultural are the main areas of integration considered. Integration is a political decision made by nations leaders for political purposes. The reasons why and how integration occurs is almost as diverse as the opinions of world leaders and the challenges faced by them. Therefore in order to understand more clearly how integration comes about we need to investigate some examples of regional integration. EUROPEAN INTEGRATION Europe is considered by many as the example of the region that has progressed furthest down the road of integration. After World War Two Europe was economically ruined, socially stressed and politically divided by what was to become known as the iron curtain. The United States provided encouragement in the form of the Marshal plan to rebuild and strengthen Western Europe against the spectre of Communism in the east.  [8]  Europeans also felt a growing need to strengthen themselves against irrelevance in a bipolar world.  [9]  ,  [10]  These early security fears of Europe led to the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in 1949. Economically the first evidence of European integration is in the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951. The aim of the treaty was to contribute, through a common market for coal and steel, to economic expansion, growth of employment and a rising standard of living. The treaty created a supra national agency to oversee aspects of national coal and steel policy such as levels of production.  [11]   The end of the Cold War in 1989-91 has seen a further spur to European integration. With the fall of the Berlin wall and the dismantling of a bipolar world, Europe was able to incorporate further countries within an increasingly diverse framework of integration. While much of the integration was led by economic considerations, there has been increasingly greater integration at the political and social levels also. The Maastricht treaty was signed by twelve European nations in 1991 establishing the European Union (EU). Since then the EU has progressed further down the path of integration with the latest treaty being the Treaty of Lisbon that entered force on 1st December 2009. The EU now consists of twenty seven countries with a number of candidate nations awaiting entry sometime in the future.  [12]   As mentioned earlier, it was a desire to strengthen Europe against a competing ideology during the Cold War that was the first step in European integration. As it transpired, democracy proved superior to communism in the long run. Economically, liberal capitalism has enabled Europe to outperform the centrally controlled socialist markets of the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact. With the fall of the Berlin wall it became even more apparent that liberal market philosophies provided a basis for greater efficiency and greater competitiveness. Europe in general and the EU in particular serve to highlight this point. OTHER REGIONS MOVE TOWARDS INTEGRATION While Europe is the most advanced down the path of integration, other regions have not been idle. South East Asia is an example of a looser cooperation in the form of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). ASEAN was formed in 1967 between Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines and Indonesia. Since then membership has expanded to include Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. South East Asian integration is an example of cooperation being used to build confidence amongst developing nations. ASEAN has always been very mindful of being overly legalistic and binding. The ASEAN way of doing business has become synonymous with building close personal relationships between leaders, being flexible and non-binding in decisions and adhering to a respect of other nations sovereignty including undertaking a non-interference policy with respect to other ASEAN nations internal matters.  [13]   Despite criticisms of being all talk and no action and providing legitimacy to the military junta in Myanmar, the ASEAN way has shown a remarkable ability to engender cooperation and trust between its members. When ASEAN was first established most members were newly independent nations and the Cold War was in full swing. Indonesia was perceived by some as a threat and it was therefore felt that the best course of action was greater engagement to build confidence and trust between nations in the region. Therefore ASEANs initial aims were for social and cultural interchange. As time has passed and members have grown comfortable with each other aspects of cooperation have become feasible. Economic and military cooperation has increased and the level and diversity of programs conducted within ASEAN has increased. ASEAN now emphasises cooperation within three pillars. These are security, social/cultural and economic. As confidence has grown, ASEAN nations have also reached out further afi eld to first East Asia; in the form of ASEAN plus three (APT), in which China, Japan and South Korea are members; the East Asia Summit, which adds India, Australia, New Zealand and potentially soon Russia; through to the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in which twenty seven nations are involved.  [14]   Like Europe, South East Asian leaders made political decisions that the security and prosperity of their respective nations lay in greater cooperation and collaboration. Given their shared colonial experiences and wary of being used as superpower pawns during the Cold War, ASEAN leaders charted a course where they could find common cause with neighbouring Asian nations and through cooperation achieve stability and then economic prosperity. Social/cultural cooperation served as a confidence building measure; increased confidence lead to greater stability and greater Foreign Direct Investment (FDI); and greater FDI led to economic growth and prosperity. While Europe is an example of developed nations integrating and South East Asia provides an approach by developing nations, they are by no means the only examples. The North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), comprising Canada, the United States and Mexico was the North American response to the challenges of a globalising world and provides and example of the trend towards integration across the global North-South divide.  [15]  MERCOSUR and the Latin American Integration Association (LAIA) are likewise South American moves. Africa has had mixed success in achieving successful integration through the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), although of late as the African Union (AU), there appears to be more success even in this region.  [16]   NAFTA started with a free trade agreement between Canada and the United States and was expanded to include Mexico in 1992. NAFTA is an important example of a move towards integration between two developed economies and a developing economy. Integrating economies with such diversity of economic institutions has been challenging but successful. NAFTA has also led to greater integration throughout the Americas overall with the signing of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) in 2001.  [17]  It is considered by some that NAFTA in particular and other moves towards regional integration were in response to a Fortress Europe mentality.  [18]   WHAT ARE THE DRIVERS OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION? Regional integration is nothing new. Historically however regional integration was achieved through conquest or colonisation.  [19]  Since the end of World War Two there has been a growing trend of regional Integration via treaty or international agreement. Although currently regional integration is often associated with economic reasons, fundamentally regional integration is a political decision and based on political considerations. Individual nations respond to the global climate to address their needs and move forward as a society. Amongst the most basic of national needs is that of stability and security both from internal and external threats. It has been argued that one means of protecting a nation from external aggression is to become so interdependent that aggression becomes too expensive to consider.  [20]   Under the bipolar structure of the Cold War many states were looking for ways to provide additional security from the threat of superpower conflict. While global war or nuclear holocaust was one level of concern, another was the threat of becoming a victim of a proxy war between the superpowers. While Western Europe was focussed on a very real threat from communism behind the iron curtain, other regions such as South East Asia had concerns from communist insurgency or the domino theory. Overall however the Cold War effectively divided the globe into two essentially disconnected parts. So while regionalism could occur in between some nations, others were excluded because they were either on the other side of the iron curtain or determined not to take sides with a superpower. With the end of the Cold War this brake was suddenly released and a flood of connections were soon to be realised. Figure 1.1below provides a graphical representation of the dramatic increasing occurrence of regional integration agreements after the end of the Cold War.C:UsersAkoDocumentsMTATTerm 1MTAT UM MODULE 2010AUFB 5102AssignmentGraph1.jpgToday the number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) continues to multiply. The WTO notes: The surge in RTAs has continued unabated since the early 1990s. Some 462 RTAs have been notified to the GATT/WTO up to February 2010. Of these, 345 RTAs were notified under Article XXIV of the GATT 1947 or GATT 1994; 31 under the Enabling Clause; and 86 under Article V of the GATS. At that same date, 271 agreements were in force.  [21]   It is apparent from these figures that regionalism is continuing to be desirable for nations. It is worth pointing out again that economic integration is only part of the overall picture. Security and social/cultural integration also continues. The United States in particular is active in many regional security agreements. Whether they are treaties, agreements or understandings many nations in the world today have sought and continue to seek greater cooperation and integration of military capabilities to meet their regions security needs. NATO is the largest example of this and again the most advanced with regard to the level of standardisation and integration achieved. Within South East Asia the Five Power Defence Arrangement (FPDA) between Malaysia, Singapore, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand is a smaller example. Social/Cultural integration can take many forms. From labour laws, immigration policies, education exchanges, tourism and even sporting competitions the world has increasingly become integrated. Often social integration is a first step. Sports in particular offer an easy, non-threatening manner in which people of one nation can learn about another. Regionalism is readily apparent in sport with examples such as the European cup in football, the Super fifteen rugby competition in the southern hemisphere, the National Hockey League (NHL) in Canada and the United States. While the increase in regional integration of sporting competitions is not as significant or prevalent as economic integration it serves as a reminder that integration can take many forms and is not just a single dimensional phenomenon. Having looked at regional integration in terms of economic, security and social/cultural terms it is apparent that regional integration has been a significant phenomenon, particularly in terms of economic integration since the end of the Cold War. There is no doubt that regional integration is a political decision based on politicians seeking to do what is best for their respective nations and citizens. So what are the driving forces behind regionalism? It is generally considered that there has been two major phases of regionalism since the end of World War Two. The first phase occurred under the bipolar structure of the Cold War and saw regionalism used as a means to bolster regions abilities to deal with the security challenges of the Cold War. With the end of the Cold War in the early 90s globalisation became the driver for regionalism as regions sought to achieve competitive advantage and economy of scale economically.  [22]   There is plenty of academic debate over how globalisation has influenced the trend towards regionalism. Some consider regionalism has been undertaken to protect a region from the effects of globalisation while other argue that regionalism is driving globalisation. This has lead to the terms open and closed regionalism. Closed regionalism is where a region attempts to protect itself from the external world by reducing barriers within the region while maintaining barriers to those external to the region. The trend however has been away from closed regionalism and towards open regionalism. Open regionalism is where a region integrates so that their common market gains in attractiveness to foreign investment and improves in terms of overall economic efficiency.  [23]  It is worth noting that that it is now against WTO rules to form a regional trade agreement where greater barriers are imposed on external nations.  [24]   CONCLUSION Looking back to the discussion on definitions earlier in the paper it is now clear that the driving force of regional integration has to be the contemporary environment. Globalisation is dominating the contemporary environment. Globalisation is a label intended to simplify descriptions of an increasing inter-connectedness, interdependency and increasing complexity of human interaction throughout the globe. As much as globalisations knockers wish it to go away, Kofi Annans analogy with gravity highlights the futility of fighting globalisation. Globalisation is a logical result of improved communication and transport technology. People are increasingly aware what is going on everywhere in the world. Personal contact with people from other nations and cultures is providing greater insight into the basic humanity of all peoples. With greater visibility however also comes greater fear and concern. Global society has many layers and those layers are increasingly accessible to all. Human so cieties all have the same basic needs but globalisation can appear to threaten as much as it offers. Regionalism is a graduated response to a scary external world. People cling to those they are more familiar with and feel safer because of this. Politicians are no different to anybody else. Whether it be an authoritarian regime that wants to protect itself from a threatening world or a democratic leader that has to consider the views of the people more directly, all politicians respond in some way to the external environment. It can be argued that the end of the Cold War was a driver of regionalism. But the end of the Cold War is just a signpost in history. If it were a driver why is regionalism continuing to occur? The significance of the end of the Cold War is just that a line dividing the world from itself was removed. Regionalism occurred before, during and after the Cold War. The reason regionalism is so topical is simply because the rate of occurrence has dramatically increased in this so called second phase of regionalism. Cheap instantaneous communication is rapidly engulfing the globe. Accessible and affordable transportation is available to a large proportion of the worlds population. This easy contact with the global community will continue to drive every significant issue for at least the next fifty years.

Yahweh: The Powerful, Soverseign Being God Essay -- text, behind, fron

Since the beginning of time, Yahweh has been illustrated as a powerful, sovereign being, and as the creator of good and evil. This characterization of God is presented through a methodological analysis of the three worlds- world behind the text, world in front of the text, and world of the text- in Isaiah 6 and 1 Kings 22. The world behind the text is the era of Ahab's ruling. The king of Aram and Ahab, the king of Israel created a treaty upon their kingdoms. However, in the third year of their treaty, Ahab and his vassal, King Jehosphaphat, realize Ramoth-gilead belonged to the Israelite kingdom. Before seeking battle, King Ahab calls upon his 400 prophets to determine if the kingdom was in favor in battle. However, King Jehosphaphat doubts Ahab's royal court. Hesitant of Micaiah's unfavored predictions of Ahab, the king summons Micaiah. Micaiah's relationship with the other 400 prophets was stable, until the messenger of King Ahab tries to persuade Micaiah to lie to the king, 1 However, Micaiah speaks the truth and predicts failure for Ahab. Because of Micaiah's faithfulness to Yahweh, the 400 prophets resent Micaiah in fear that his prophecy is accurate. Fulfilling Micaiah's prophecy and the Lord's intention, Ahab is defeated and killed in war. Micaiah and Isaiah's revelation of God are analyzed in the world in front of the text. Isaiah's prophet "call" and the account of Micaiah's prophecy has similarities and difference between the two texts. Isaiah 6 and Micaiah 22 passages describe Yahweh enthroned at divine council. A judgment is being held regarding the future of the human realm. The two prophets, Isaiah and Micaiah, witness the discussion of this issue between God and the heavenly council. The Lord asks for assista... ...t. In 1 Kings, Micaiah foretells that 8Cyrus carried out the Lord's mission and effected Israel's salvation; he became the new king of Israel, and new shepherd for the Israelites. The Lord is recognized as being the creator and controller of nature and history, 9 God is the maker of weal and woe, good and evil. Yahweh creates a temporary evil to entice Ahab to seek war. He places a lying spirit in the mouths of his prophets to support his decision to battle Aram. Because of this temptation and evil, Ahab is defeated and killed at war. The two prophet's accounts of God have structural similarities; however, they both contain differences. In Isaiah's vision of God, He is illustrated as a powerful and sovereign being. Whereas in Micaiah's passage, Yahweh is portrayed as a creator of good and evil. Isaiah 45 combines these two characteristics of God to better explain.

Manage Risk Essay

First of all, the aim of business is increasing of income. They should consider how to maintain existing regular income and to increase new revenue by the expansion. When the business is expanded, they should have enough research and money. The expand looks dangerous. For the safety, they need life guards who are strong swimmers and helpers to control houseboat in high winds. It has many interceptive problems for the expansion like climate and noise. For the success, they need equip tent, beach parasol and soundproof walls. Before making an investment in the expansion, they should consider with the profitability. ASSESSMENT TOOL 2 In Australia, federal and state laws protect you, your business and your customers from unfair trading practices and mishandling of personal information. These laws, together with industry codes of practice, help to ensure that your business operates fairly and competitively and that all consumers are adequately informed and protected. In tort law, a duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others. It is the first element that must be established to proceed with an action in negligence. The claimant must be able to show a duty of care imposed by law which the defendant has breached. In turn, breaching a duty may subject an individual to liability. The duty of care may be imposed by operation of law between individuals with no current direct relationship (familial or contractual or otherwise), but eventually become related in some manner, as defined by common law (meaning case law). Duty of care may be considered a formalization of the social contract, the implicit responsibilities held by individuals towards others within society. It is not a requirement that a duty of care be defined by law, though it will often develop through the jurisprudence of common law. Assessment tool 3: project Part1 Current risk management These are the three ways to control the risk of any loss: Insurance Loss prevention Contingency planning Nearly every warehouse operator has insurance. You need to recognize the significant differences in liability among logistics service providers, common carriers and wholesale distributors scope The place where raw material and/or finished goods are stored is referred to as warehouse or store. Generally, warehouse is structure or building design keeping in mind raw material and finished goods it is going to store. Therefore, warehouse management should be able to: Receive the purchase goods and entered upon the stock register. Inventory Accounting of raw material, work-in-progress or finished goods. Preservation of the inventory Ability to access goods whenever called upon. Appropriate record keeping through coding as to preserve goods and reduce obsolescence. Proper stocking of goods as ensure smooth handling. Political environment The political environment is a key component of the business environment that dictates greatly on the success of your home business. What happens in the politics of your country as well as that of other countries influences a lot your home business. Usually, the term political environment is used to refer to the nature of the political situation in the country where you are doing business or where you intend to do business. Economic climate A general characterization of the overall mood of the global economy or of a regional economy, which captures the status of the stock market, the perception of the economy by consumers, and the availability of jobs and credit. Business decisions such as hiring, borrowing, lending, and investment in new initiatives are often strongly influenced by the overall economic climate. Social Factors We all live in either a multicultural or self society so this means there are many factors that affect or direct our lifestyle. These factors are called social factors. some important social actors are: 1. Religion 2. Ethnicity 3. Family 4. Physical attributes 5. Economic Status 6. Education 7. Locality( Location) 8. Life Partner and children 9. Political System Legal factors Legal factors relate to new laws or directives governing how businesses behave. This can be in relation to other businesses, customers or the environment. For example, it is essential that all agricultural products are used safely. Syngenta seeks to meet and exceed the requirements of local and international laws for all the countries within which it operates. Policy context Climate change is a complex issue and responding to it requires the planner to navigate the rapidly evolving landscape of information, advice, policy and legislation. By providing context and background, this section of the toolkit will help you make informed decisions about developing and implementing policy in this area. Critical success factor (CSF) is the term for an element that is necessary for an organization or project to achieve its mission. It is a critical factor or activity required for ensuring the success of a company or an organization. The term was initially used in the world of data analysis, and business analysis. For example, a CSF for a successful Information Technology (IT) project is user involvement. Stakeholder 1. Accountable – some stakeholders are accountable for the success of the entire project or a particular phase of the project, generally they are the departmental or divisional managers or; 2. Responsible – some stakeholders are responsible for the deliverables, generally they have been charged by management to provide a definitive outcome from the project; or 3. Consultation – some stakeholders are used as consultants like an Subject Matter Expert (SME); or 4. Informed – some stakeholders need to be kept informed, generally management who needs to know where their investment dollars have ended up or external parties. Stakeholder Internal Stakeholders Board members Former board members Staff members Former staff members Volunteers Former Volunteers Donors External Stakeholders Clients Community partners Members of groups served by our organization who are not accessing our services Leaders of color from nonprofit, public, or private sectors Stakeholders do not need to know everything about the technology or even the application. A high level overview with the understanding of what is being  delivered is sufficient. What stakeholders need to provide is a positive energy charge to lead the organisation through this project. Working with such stakeholders will provide the project with a boost of confidence knowing that the stakeholders are enthusiastic about this project. Given the right stakeholders in any given project, the success rate of the project will be much better than having stakeholders with judgemental bias whereby these stakeholders will reflect inappropriate reasoning compared with best practises as provided by the implementation team. This is a crucial step in applying the risk management process. Like many aspects of risk management, the identification of significant risks is often subjective and reliant on personal experience and judgement. For this reason, several heads will be found to be better than one during this phase of the process. It is therefore important that relevant operational staff be closely involved in identifying and/or confirming significant risks under each source category. PART 2 STRENGTHS The strengths listed below were identified in the business: The managing member of the business is committed, dedicated and passionate about providing warehousing and distribution services. The creditworthiness of the business owner The knowledge and skills demonstrated by the member The business has done a study of the market and identified potential customers for their business WEAKNESSES The identified weaknesses for ExpressX Warehousing and Distribution (Transportation) Services are as follows: The lack of highly specialized warehousing and distribution expertise within the business The lack of funding to source highly specialized technology is a weakness for the business The lack of a comprehensive marketing plan and strategy is another weakness The small workforce capacity may result in the business loosing out on lucrative warehousing and distribution opportunities OPPORTUNITIES There are numerous opportunities for the business in terms of Government assistance. The business is open to assistance from agencies such as Small Enterprise Development Agency, The National Youth Development Agency and many others Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment presents great opportunities for ExpressX Warehousing and Distribution Services There are opportunities for South Africans to export products. This may bring about a market for warehousing services as some goods need to be stored in a reliable warehouse prior to being exported The opportunity presented by SETA could open better avenues for learnership and development in the business Other opportunities include the growth in middle income groups as well as the increase in double income families THREATS There is a threat from well established competitors that have a solid goodwill The threat attributable to changes in the preferences and tastes of consumers The threat from substitute services The threat from new entrants as the barriers of entry are not too cumbersome Risks Description Mitigation of risks Finance risk The financial risk is observed from the fact that the contribution to be made the owner is considerably less as compared to the required outside borrowings that are to be sourced from banks in form of a loan. The business owner will retain at least 60% of the profits into the business. This will be done in the first year of operations so as to mitigate the risk within the short term. Market risk The market features well established competitors and therefore ExpressX Warehousing and Distribution (Transportation) Services will have to compete for market share. The market risk may also surface from the fact that most manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and other parties likely to utilize warehousing services already have in house warehouses and handle their own distribution. The business will seek assistance from small business support agencies such as the National Youth Development Agency for assistance with a comprehensive marketing plan and strategy. The marketing plan and strategy will help the business compete with greater strength and position it to attain a greater customer satisfaction rate. Human resource risk In terms of human resource, the risk may be a result of the business not being able to recruit the right employees and retain quality employees. High quality employees may prove to be costly to retain. The human resource risk will be mitigated by actively pursuing learnership and development activities. The business will seek assistance from SEDA for skills development. Operational risk The business might have capacity and equipment constraints as some goods for storage require special storage facilities. There may also be a risk of not being as efficient and effective due to lack of advanced logistics software and other technologies. The business will in the initial stages focus on storing merchandise that does not require specials storage facilities and then pursue advanced storage facilities at a later stage. The business will strive to source affordable support technologies. Part 3 What are the hazards? Who might be harmed and how? What are you already doing? What further action is necessary? Slips, trips and falls All staff may suffer sprains or fractures if they trip over debris or slip on spillages. Flooring kept dry and quality maintained. All staff trained to maintain good housekeeping standards and ensure stock does not project into gangways. Cleaner empties bins and removes loose debris daily. Pallets stored safely in designated area. Protective non-slip footwear supplied and worn. Suitable absorber to be made available for liquid spills. Staff to be trained to clean and dry any spillages immediately. Extra bins to be provided for waste material near loading bays. Operation of lift trucks Injuries such as fractures or, at worst, fatalities can be caused as a result of: the vehicle crashing into other vehicles and/or other objects; staff and visitors being hit by lift trucks; objects falling from lift trucks onto staff and visitors; lift trucks toppling over; people falling from the vehicle or parts of the vehicle; and being crushed by the mast All operators trained and competent for use of the lift truck. Trucks serviced regularly and examined by suppliers every six months. Drivers instructed to keep keys with them at all times System in place for refresher training of drivers. Gangways and aisles of sufficient space to enable lift trucks to load and unload from the racking safely. System in place to keep vehicles and pedestrians separated. Access to warehouse restricted to staff. Floor condition maintained on a regular basis, housekeeping standards maintained by cleaner and workforce. Warning signs located around the traffic route. Trucks have seat belts and roll cages. Supervisor to ensure truck drivers check trucks each day before starting. Separate pedestrian entrance(s) with protective barrier rail to be provided next to roller-shutter doors. Housekeeping standards and floor condition to be covered by a monthly inspection by manager and brief record kept. Strict requirement that only competent drivers may operate lift trucks to be explained to all staff. Disciplinary action to be taken against anyone involved in breaking this rule. Falling objects From racking and during movement A member of staff or any other person in the warehouse may suffer serious injury if struck by a falling object Racking is designed to be suitable for the loads carried and has not been modified. Staff report any damage to racking immediately. System in place to make sure defective pallets withdrawn from use immediately. Protective footwear used by all entering warehouse. Protective gloves provided to handle pallets. Sign fixed to racking stating maximum loads/configuration. Hazardous substances Vehicle exhaust fumes The fumes may cause staff eye irritation and respiratory irritation. Number of vehicles delivering materials is relatively low and exposure very limited; this prevents build-up of fumes. Drivers not allowed to leave vehicles’ engines running in warehouse. Roller shutter doors and warehouse windows open, where practicable, to assist ventilation. No further action required. Bleach and cleaning fluids Direct skin contact could lead to the cleaner getting skin irritation. The vapour may cause the cleaner to have eye irritation or breathing difficulties Cleaner made aware of safe procedures. Rubber gloves used. First-aid facilities (including eye wash) are readily available. Investigate availability of safer alternatives for cleaner. Recharging of forklift truck batteries – potential explosion by release of hydrogen, spillage of acid Burns or fractures from material ejected could affect any worker nearby at the time Batteries charged in designated bay that is well ventilated. Safe system of work used which includes provision and use of goggles and gloves. Potential sources of ignition controlled. Supervisor to monitor and ensure protective equipment is being worn. Falls from height Staff could suffer severe or even fatal injuries if they fell whilst climbing racking All staff are given strict instructions never to climb racking – monitored by supervisors Part 4 Suitable absorber to be made available for liquid spills. Staff to be trained to clean and dry any spillages immediately. Extra bins to be provided for waste material near loading bays. Supervisor to ensure truck drivers check trucks each day before starting. Separate pedestrian entrance(s) with protective barrier rail to be provided next to roller-shutter doors. Housekeeping standards and floor condition to be covered by a monthly inspection by manager and brief record kept. Strict requirement that only competent drivers may operate lift trucks to be explained to all staff. Disciplinary action to be taken against anyone involved in breaking this rule. Sign fixed to racking stating maximum loads/configuration To identify the hazards The manager then wrote down who could be harmed by the hazards and how. For each hazard identified, the manager recorded what controls, if any, were in place to manage these. She then compared these controls to the good practice guidance laid out in Warehousing and storage: A guide to health and safety and Essentials of health and safety at work publications. Where existing controls did not meet good practice, the manager wrote down what further actions were needed to manage the risk. Putting the findings of the risk assessment into practice, the warehouse manager decided who was responsible for implementing the further actions and when it should be done. She wrote this down and when each action was completed it was ticked off and the date recorded. The warehouse manager discussed the findings with the safety representative. They decided to review and update the assessment at least annually, or at any time when major changes to the workplace occurred. The warehouse manager gave out copies of the risk assessment to all members of staff.

Below the Mill Dam essays

Below the Mill Dam essays What a story is about on the surface is not what it is necessarily about on the inside with the use of metaphors. When a story uses two levels of meaning such as this it is called an allegory, and is useful when writers want to make a comparison by using representation and symbolism such as in John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress. In it Bunyan uses a simple wicket gate to actually mean spiritual enlightenment and even heaven (depending on interpretation). Similarly, in "Below the Mill Dam" Kipling successfully uses a traditional English water mill with a cat and a rat to be a deeper commentary on the nature of change. On the surface this seemingly bizarre story is about an English Black Rat, a Grey Cat, an old Mill Wheel and the water it is employed with; all of whom speak to each other. The story begins one evening with the wheel constantly quoting the Domesday Books Latin verses. The Domesday Book, which was completed in 1086, listed all the possessions of everybody in England. The Black English Rat is introduced as a smug, high class figure as Kipling wrote, ... the Black Rat [sat] on the cross-beam, luxuriously trimming his whiskers... [and said] I am not above appreciating my position and all it means (Kipling 80). The cat is introduced as a similar character to that of the Black Rat although a little more relaxed, ... said the Grey Cat, coiled up on a piece of sacking (80). These characteristics set the stage for the changes that were to take place. As the story proceeds and characters evolve, the Mill and the Wheel change with the introduction of (at that point) modern technology such as light bulbs and turbines to increase efficiency. The Black Rat and the Grey Cat are critical of these changes with comments such as Whatever it is... its overdone. They can never keep it up, you know (85). The story ends with the Wheel embracing turbines, the Black R ...

Chapter case study Essay Example

Chapter case study Essay Example Chapter case study Essay Chapter case study Essay A key component of data security was also implemented with the vendor data site to reverent vendors from accessing each others data and compromising proprietary information (Viscosity, 2008, p. 1). There are many types of communication applications used by Wall-Mart to help them maintain their rank in the top of the retail business. The most typical types used by Wall-Mart are their automated distribution system, their computerized routing systems and the electronic data interchange (DE) (Boogie, 2013, p. 126). These are all used to synonymously create an efficient process for Wall-Mart to succeed at remaining one of the top competitive tillers in the world. Along with communication applications, there are also applications of wireless technology used by Wall-Mart helping them to be successful. One of the wireless applications is used to assist the operations of the warehouse management system (WHAMS). Another wireless application utilized by Wall-Mart controls and monitors the forklifts and industrial vehicles usage which move merchandise through the distribution centers (Boogie, 2013, p. 26). There are many features and capabilities of the Vehicle Management system (VIM) which is the latest application of data communications for Wall-Mart. The VIM has the ability to send two way text messages to assist management in being more effective in the material handling of resources to the most appropriate destinations. The VIM also works effectively with Radio-Frequency Identification (RIFF) syst ems

Sharks essays

Sharks essays Sharks are any of the 340 species of fish that, together with the skates, rays, and chimeras, are sharply distinguished from the vast number of bony fish species by their cartilaginous skeletons. Sharks are very keen-sensed fishes, many species of which are able to hunt and eat nearly all the larger water animals in both shallow and deep seas. These two features account for their long evolutionary history. Many of the shark species living today are quite similar to abundant species that swam in seas of the Cretaceous period more than 100 million years ago. Sharks reveal great diversity in behavior and size. The whale shark is the largest shark and also the largest fish in the sea, measuring up to 15-m (49f) in length. The cookie-cutter shark measures less than 50 cm (19in) in length. Sharks are mainly marine fish found in all seas and are especially abundant in tropical and subtropical waters. Many types migrate up rivers. Sharks are best known as aggressive carnivores that even at tack members of their own species. Two of the largest sharks-the basking shark and the whale shark-feed on plankton, which they strain from the water with gill rakers. Altogether sharks are very different from other animals because they all have unique physical characteristics, mating habits, and feeding habits. Most sharks are gray in color and have leathery skin covered with small, sharp, pointed scales, which, unlike those of bony fish, do not enlarge during the animals growth. Usually five gills slits lie behind the head. The tail is asymmetrical, with the backbone extended into the upper lobe. Many species have rows of sharp teeth embedded in fibrous membranes instead of in the jawbones. When the sharks teeth are lost in their prey, other teeth quickly shift into position to replace the teeth that they lost. The fins and tails of sharks are rigid and not erectile, like those of the bony fish. Contrary to popular image, the dorsal fins rarely stick ...

Theoretical Criminology Mid-Term Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Theoretical Criminology Mid-Term - Assignment Example It is, however, worth noting that these ideas about natural reality were not scientific, but rather based on mere observation of nature (Cullen & Agnew, 2006). Good and evil were thought to exist in the natural world. It is worth noting that the developments of legal definitions as well as the treatments of crime are founded on the attempts to understand the natural explanations for crime in the physical world. Under the spiritual explanations of crime, the feudal lords in Europe during the middle age designed ways, which they thought the guilt or innocence of an individual could be indicated. One of such methods included trial by battle. In this method, the victim or a family member of the victim would fight with the offender or a family member of the offender. It was believed that God gave victory to the innocent party. Trial by ordeal was introduced in which the accused person was subjected to a painful and difficult situation (Tierney, 2006). The guilty party would die with pain and agony while (through God’s protection) the innocent party would go through such an ordeal unharmed. The aforementioned method was replaced by compurgation a method that involved the accused calling twelve individuals who were reputable in the society who would then swear that the accused person is not guilty. The idea of prison today emerged from the earlier concept of isolating the criminals in cell s where some were subjected to manual labor while others were given the bible to read (Tierney, 2006). The natural explanations for crime generally use events as well as objects found in the world for purposes of explanation what ensues. The divine sanction of the law in the traditional society provided a justification of natural explanations for crime. It is due to this that the rule of kings became natural law, as it was considered to be by divine right. The material and physical world are still used by social scientists in the modern society to seek natural explanations of